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Chikungunya

What is Chikungunya?

Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which belongs to the alphavirus group. The disease is commonly associated with sudden fever and severe joint pain, which can sometimes continue for weeks, months or longer after the initial infection.

Chikungunya occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Asia, Africa and the Americas. In India, the disease is a public health concern, particularly in areas where mosquitoes that transmit the virus are present. Understanding chikungunya symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention can help people recognize the illness and seek timely medical care.

How Does Chikungunya Spread?

Chikungunya spreads mainly through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. These mosquitoes can also transmit other viruses, including dengue. They commonly bite during the daytime, although biting activity may vary by location and conditions.

When a mosquito bites a person infected with chikungunya, it can acquire the virus. After the virus develops inside the mosquito, the mosquito may transmit the infection to another person through a subsequent bite. Chikungunya does not ordinarily spread through casual person-to-person contact, such as touching, hugging or sharing food.

Reducing mosquito exposure and preventing mosquito breeding are important ways to limit the spread of chikungunya.

Chikungunya – Cause

Transmission
Chikungunya: 7 Key Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention Tips
Mosquito bites and sucks blood containing the Chikungunya virus from an infected person.
The Chikungunya virus is then carried by the mosquito and it multiplies in its gut.
This mosquito, then passes the Chikungunya virus to healthy people when it bites them.
Manifestation of illness between 1 to 12 days

Chikungunya – Symptoms

High Fever
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Severe Joint Pain
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Muscle Pain
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Nausea & Fatigue
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Rash & Headache
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Joint Swelling

Symptoms Appear

4-8 DAYS
After being bitten by a carrier mosquito
Symptoms Last 2-12 DAYS
The Virus Remains
in the Body for
5-7 DAYS

How is chikungunya diagnosed?

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Often, your doctor would clinically suspect chikungunya based on your history of recent exposure, signs and symptoms.
However, a confirmation of chikungunya is possible only through specific lab tests
This includes serological lab tests that detect antibodies to chikungunya or the more advanced and confirmatory chikungunya PCR test

How can chikungunya be treated?

There are no specific treatments for chikungunya.
There is no vaccine currently available.
Chikungunya is treated symptomatically, usually with bed rest, fluids, and medicines to relieve symptoms of fever and aching.

How to prevent chikungunya?

How to prevent chikungunya?
The best way to prevent infection from chikungunya virus is to prevent mosquito bites. Mosquitoes bite during the day and night.
Use insect repellent, wear long sleeved clothing, fully covering your upper and lower limbs and take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors.

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